DRUID'S WELL
Grid Reference: SX716861. Good public access; the well is by the roadside.
The name supports the appeal ance of this well as the massive moss-covered granite slabs too as if they have stood here for ever .

However this may not be for much longer as a recent collision with it a vehicle has shifted the stones to the extent that they now

The site is next to Middlecott which was a Domesday settlement and close by are two ancient stone crosses known as Middlecott Cross anti Week Down Cross.

These alt* early Christian monuments date from 7th-9th centuries and suggest that a route at xxxxx moor once ran through here

'Halge Wylle'.

The Parish of Halwill has a name that recalls the religious beliefs of Medieval and Dark Age Devonian Indeed,

when first used, 'Halwill' would have been written 'Halig' or 'Halge Wylle' Reading it out loud, we might guess that 'wylle' is the ancient word for 'well'; but 'halig'—the early version of our word 'holy'—needs a specialised dictionary. So what you might ask went on at a Holy Well in north-central Devon?

Here we have a spring which had sacred or miraculous associations for the people. As the name was coined in Old English rather than Celtic we must suppose it dates from the Christian centuries when the Anglo-Saxons, the early English, were settling in Devon.

But Christian holy wells were often associated with Pagan shrines and even Neolithic monuments, suggesting that they had not only Pagan but even Stone Age origins.

So though given an English name in the Dark ages, the spring at Halwill might have already been revered for centuries by the time the first person was muttering theirblessings over it.

Today the site of the original Holy Well has been lost, though it is believed by many to be sited close to the Holsworthy road near to Chapel Farm. If anyone knows more, or has evidence of a precise location, please let us know


'Halge Wylle'.

The Parish of Halwill has a name that recalls the religious beliefs of Medieval and Dark Age Devonian Indeed, when first used, 'Halwill' would have been written 'Halig' or 'Halge Wylle' Reading it out loud, we might guess that 'wylle' is the ancient word for 'well'; but 'halig'—the early version of our word 'holy'—needs a specialised dictionary. So what you might ask went on at a Holy Well in north-central Devon?

Here we have a spring which had sacred or miraculous associations for the people. As the name was coined in Old English rather than Celtic we must suppose it dates from the Christian centuries when the Anglo-Saxons, the early English, were settling in Devon. But Christian holy wells were often associated with Pagan shrines and even Neolithic monuments, suggesting that they had not only Pagan but even Stone Age origins.

So though given an English name in the Dark ages, the spring at Halwill might have already been revered for centuries by the time the first person was muttering their blessings over it.
Today the site of the original Holy Well has been lost, though it is believed by many to be sited close to the Holsworthy road near to Chapel Farm. If anyone knows more, or has evidence of a precise location, please let us know.

documented, as no contemporaneous material survives.

His Latin vita (life) maintains that as with St. Columba , Kevin's family were of the nobility — he was the son of Coemlog and Coemell of Leinster .

He was born in 498 at the Fort of the White Fountain.

He was given the Irish name Coemgen, which means "fair-begotten",and was baptized by Cronan of Roscrea.
The Acta Sanctorum, which is based on an ancient manuscript, contains a number of legends.

The author of a commentary on this manuscript, Father Francis Baert, explains "that although many of the legends given to this work are of doubtful veracity; it was decided to let them stand in favour of the antiquity of the document which is placed as having been written during or before the 12th century"

.St Kevin’s birth and early years figure prominently in traditional legends.

In his infancy a mysterious white cow is said to have come to his parents' house every morning and evening and supplied the milk for the baby.

From the age of seven, he was educated by Saint Petroc of Cornwall, who had come to Leinster about 492, and lived with the monks until he was 12 in Latin :-

Coemgenus ,  popularly Anglicized to Kevin is an Irish saint who was known as the founder and first abbot of Glendalough in County Wicklow, Ireland.

His feast day in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches is 3 June.

I do remember an apothecary . And hereabouts he dwells—whom late I noted In tatter’d weeds, with overwhelming brows, Culling of simples ; meager were his looks , Sharp misery had worn him to the bones; And in his needy shop a tortoise hung , An alligator stuff’d, and other skins, Of ill-shap’d fishes ; and about his shelves . A beggarly account of empty boxes , Green earthen pots, bladders, and musty seeds, Remnants of packthread, and old cakes of roses , Were thinly scatter’d to make up a show. Noting this penury, to myself I said—An if a man did need a poison now,Whose sale is present death in Mantua,Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him.

O, this same thought did but fore-run my need;And this same needy man must sell it me.As I remember this should be the house ; Being holiday, the beggar’s shop is shut—What ho ! Apothecary !Apocathist ,Who calls so loud IRom, Come hither, man. I see that thou art poor;Hold, there is forty ducats ; let me have A dram of poison ; such soon speeding gear



Nearby sites listing.In the following links * = Image available
2.0km WSW 241°Halwill Village Cross* Ancient Cross (SX4275199393)
2.0km WSW 241°Halwill Churchyard Cross* Ancient Cross (SX4272799412)
3.9km SE 139°Three Barrows, Patchacott* Barrow Cemetery (SX4693097301)
5.8km NNW 336°Holemoor Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SS423057)
6.1km WSW 257°Sandymoor Cross Tumuli* Barrow Cemetery (SX3849499147)
7.3km WNW 290°Hollacombe Cross* Ancient Cross (SS3774603038)
9.0km N 354°Devil's Stone, Shebbear* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SS43880925)
9.4km NE 52°Hatherleigh St. Mary's WellHoly Well or Sacred Spring (SS5213105847)
10.6km WNW 288°Holsworthy St Peter’s WellHoly Well or Sacred Spring (SS345038)
11.4km ENE 68°Hatherleigh St. John's Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SS5523104363)
11.6km SSW 195°Broadwoodwidger CrossAncient Cross (SX4112589159)
12.4km NNW 342°St Petrock's Well Devon* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SS4095912219)
12.5km NNE 33°Heathmoor Barrow* Barrow Cemetery (SS517105)
12.5km W 268°Affaland Moor Bowl Barrow* Round Barrow(s) (SS3196200184)
13.0km SSE 147°Bridestowe Holy WellHoly Well or Sacred Spring (SX512892)
13.4km SE 137°Sourton Green Saxon Cross* Ancient Cross (SX534903)
13.7km WSW 255°St Denis Well, Holy Well, Sacred Spring* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX3109797178)
13.7km SSE 157°Burley Wood HillfortHillfort (SX49548754)
13.9km NW 310°High Barrow* Round Barrow(s) (SS3410209563)
14.2km WNW 298°Ugworthy Beacon Barrows* Round Barrow(s) (SS3217607440)
14.3km S 173°Lewtrenchard Holy Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX458861)
14.3km SW 231°Northcott Wood Camp* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX33059173)
14.8km SE 135°Sourton Tors Stone Circle* Stone Circle (SX54688958)
14.8km SE 135°Sourton Tors Cairn* Cairn (SX5460389438)
15.1km SE 128°Homerton Hill North* Cist (SX56139065)
View more nearby sites and additional images

Nearby sites listing.In the following links * = Image available
2.0km WSW 241°Halwill Village Cross* Ancient Cross (SX4275199393)
2.0km WSW 241°Halwill Churchyard Cross* Ancient Cross (SX4272799412)
3.9km SE 139°Three Barrows, Patchacott* Barrow Cemetery (SX4693097301)
5.8km NNW 336°Holemoor Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SS423057)
6.1km WSW 257°Sandymoor Cross Tumuli* Barrow Cemetery (SX3849499147)
7.3km WNW 290°Hollacombe Cross* Ancient Cross (SS3774603038)
9.0km N 354°Devil's Stone, Shebbear* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SS43880925)
9.4km NE 52°Hatherleigh St. Mary's WellHoly Well or Sacred Spring (SS5213105847)
10.6km WNW 288°Holsworthy St Peter’s WellHoly Well or Sacred Spring (SS345038)
11.4km ENE 68°Hatherleigh St. John's Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SS5523104363)
11.6km SSW 195°Broadwoodwidger CrossAncient Cross (SX4112589159)
12.4km NNW 342°St Petrock's Well Devon* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SS4095912219)
12.5km NNE 33°Heathmoor Barrow* Barrow Cemetery (SS517105)
12.5km W 268°Affaland Moor Bowl Barrow* Round Barrow(s) (SS3196200184)
13.0km SSE 147°Bridestowe Holy WellHoly Well or Sacred Spring (SX512892)
13.4km SE 137°Sourton Green Saxon Cross* Ancient Cross (SX534903)
13.7km WSW 255°St Denis Well, Holy Well, Sacred Spring* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX3109797178)
13.7km SSE 157°Burley Wood HillfortHillfort (SX49548754)
13.9km NW 310°High Barrow* Round Barrow(s) (SS3410209563)
14.2km WNW 298°Ugworthy Beacon Barrows* Round Barrow(s) (SS3217607440)
14.3km S 173°Lewtrenchard Holy Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX458861)
14.3km SW 231°Northcott Wood Camp* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX33059173)
14.8km SE 135°Sourton Tors Stone Circle* Stone Circle (SX54688958)
14.8km SE 135°Sourton Tors Cairn* Cairn (SX5460389438)
15.1km SE 128°Homerton Hill North* Cist (SX56139065)
15.1km SE 137°Sourton Tors Ring Cairns* Ring Cairn (SX5441888858)
15.2km SE 125°Longstone Hill cairn* Cairn (SX56709113)
15.4km SSW 194°Lifton CampAncient Village or Settlement (SX40378547)
15.4km SE 135°Corn Ridge Stone Ring Cairn Circle* Ring Cairn (SX5513889153)
15.4km SE 126°Longstone Hill stone* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SX56729089)
15.4km SE 135°Cornridge SE* Stone Circle (SX5517589119)
15.5km SE 135°Corn Ridge Rock* Ring Cairn (SX5521989145)
15.5km SE 134°Branscombe's Loaf* Ring Cairn (SX55318912)
15.6km ESE 122°Black Down WestCairn (SX57469153)
15.9km SE 142°Great Nodden* Cist (SX5387487416)
16.0km ESE 112°Fitz's Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX5919093783)
16.1km WSW 256°Mount Pleasant Barrows* Barrow Cemetery (SX28769679)
16.1km SE 141°Little Links Tor* Stone Row / Alignment (SX5428587463)
16.5km SSW 198°Lifton Holy WellHoly Well or Sacred Spring (SX389848)
16.8km SSE 155°Lydford Anglo Saxon Defences* Misc. Earthwork (SX51088487)
16.8km SE 125°Yes Tor cairns* Barrow Cemetery (SX57959020)
17.0km ESE 110°East Hill Promontory Fort* Promontory Fort / Cliff Castle (SX604941)
17.2km SSE 161°South Longridge FortHillfort (SX4970583870)
17.3km SE 141°Great Links Tor Cairn* Cairn (SX5491686496)
17.3km SE 127°High Willhays North* Ring Cairn (SX58028944)
17.3km SE 129°Fordsland Ledge Chambered cairn* Chambered Cairn (SX57588888)
17.4km WSW 255°Kiddy Barrow* Barrow Cemetery (SX27499637)
17.5km SE 128°High Willhays kerb cairn* Ring Cairn (SX58038922)
17.7km SW 216°Smallacoombe Wood RoundAncient Village or Settlement (SX33628636)
17.7km N 353°Hembury Castle Fort (Tythecott)Hillfort (SS4272117905)
17.7km WSW 257°Dilland Barrow* Round Barrow(s) (SX27109679)
17.8km WSW 254°Wilsworthy Cross Barrows* Barrow Cemetery (SX2716496017)
18.0km SW 219°Werrington Park RoundAncient Village or Settlement (SX32668665)
18.1km NW 317°St Peter's Well (Bradworthy)* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SS325139)
18.1km NNW 339°Wrangworthy Cross* Barrow Cemetery (SS384174)
18.2km W 263°St Anne's Well (Whitstone)* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX263985)
18.3km ESE 116°Belstone Common Cairns* Cairn (SX6077491956)
18.3km NNE 23°Castle Hill (Woolleigh Bridge)Ancient Village or Settlement (SS5225916849)
18.3km ESE 112°Nine Stones (Belstone)* Stone Circle (SX6123192844)
18.3km WSW 250°Chelsfield Barrows* Barrow Cemetery (SX27049467)
18.3km SE 146°Doe Tor* Cist (SX54388485)
18.4km ESE 112°Watchet Hill Cairn* Cairn (SX6147293042)
18.5km SSE 149°White Hill North East* Cairn (SX5371384190)
18.6km SSE 151°White Hill South* Ring Cairn (SX5294283680)
18.7km SSE 149°White Hill North Cairn FieldRing Cairn (SX53528395)
18.7km ESE 110°Belstone Ring Cross* Ancient Cross (SX6192793500)
18.8km ESE 110°Holy Well (Belstone)* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX6202393468)
18.8km WNW 284°Red Post Barrows* Barrow Cemetery (SS26330547)
18.8km ESE 117°Winter Tor* Cist (SX6110291335)
19.0km W 266°Froxton Wood Castle* Hillfort (SX2543099705)
19.0km SSE 155°Ring of Bells* Ring Cairn (SX5214082873)
19.2km ESE 114°Irishman’s Wall circle* Stone Circle (SX61799193)
19.2km SW 219°St Stephen's Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX320857)
19.2km SSE 167°North Brentor Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX4813881440)
19.2km W 266°Hilton Wood Castle* Hillfort (SX25229969)
19.3km ESE 122°Oke Tor* Stone Row / Alignment (SX605895)
19.3km SW 236°St Paternus's Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX2813889895)
19.4km ESE 114°Belstone Dolmen* Burial Chamber or Dolmen (SX61959181)
19.4km SW 215°Maiden's Well (Launceston)Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX32858477)
19.4km ESE 105°Belstone Boundary Marker* Marker Stone (SX6314994770)
19.6km W 262°Swannacott RoundAncient Village or Settlement (SX24989817)
19.7km N 10°Coverney Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SS484196)
19.7km SSE 147°Ger TorCairn (SX54658338)
19.9km SSE 150°Nattor Down 5Cairn (SX54098286)
20.1km S 171°Brent Tor* Hillfort (SX4709780392)
20.1km ESE 118°Metheral circle* Stone Circle (SX62059044)
20.2km ESE 118°Taw Marsh cairnfield* Barrow Cemetery (SX62159042)
20.2km SSE 163°Gibbett HillRing Cairn (SX49958084)
20.2km NNE 33°Combe WoodHillfort (SS561169)
20.2km ESE 118°Metheral Kerb Cairn* Cairn (SX62189037)
20.3km ESE 106°Sticklepath Boundary Marker* Marker Stone (SX6388694135)
20.3km ESE 106°Lady Well (Sticklepath)* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX6390494124)
20.4km ESE 110°Sticklepath stone circle* Stone Circle (SX63439264)
20.4km E 84°North Tawton A CursusCursus (SS649017)
20.4km ESE 111°Cosdon Hill cairn 9* Round Cairn (SX63419250)
20.5km ESE 106°Sticklepath Methodist Chapel Cross* Ancient Cross (SX6404694079)
20.6km S 184°Ramsdown CampAncient Village or Settlement (SX42327982)
20.7km ESE 116°White Hill, Devon* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX628906)
20.7km ESE 118°Metheral Hill boundary stones* Marker Stone (SX62539000)
20.7km WNW 283°St Swithin's Well (Launcells)* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SS244057)
21.0km ESE 113°Cosdon Hill Summit Cairns* Cairn (SX63619149)

Definition of medieval

The adjective medieval literally means “of the Middle Ages,” i.e., the period between antiquity (the Roman world) and the early modern era 

Common chronological range

Historians most often treat the Middle Ages as roughly the 5th century to the 15th century: from the collapse of the Western Roman Empire (commonly dated 476) up to the Renaissance and early modern transitions around 1400–1500 

Standard subperiods and their usual dates

  • Early Middle Ages: about 500–1000.
  • High Middle Ages: about 1000–1300.
  • Late Middle Ages: about 1300–1500.
    These are conventional labels; exact boundaries vary by region and by the historian’s focus 

What authors usually mean when they write “medieval”

  • Broad cultural sense: the social, political, religious, and material world shaped by feudal institutions, Christendom, and post‑Roman societies in Europe between Late Antiquity and the Renaissance 
  • In specialised works an author may narrow the term (for example, “medieval urban law” might mean 1100–1400), so check the author’s period definition in introductions or captions 

Origin and first use of the word

The English term derives from Latin medium aevum “middle age.” The modern English adjective (often spelled mediaeval earlier) was coined in the 19th century from that Latin phrase; recorded modern forms date from the early 1800s (commonly cited 1825 for the form medieval/mediaeval) 

Quick guidance for reading historical scripts

When you encounter “medieval” in a text, assume 5th–15th centuries unless the author states otherwise; for precise work always look for the author’s explicit chronological scope because usages and boundary years differ by topic and region 

Bronze Age time boundaries overview

The Bronze Age is a cultural-technical phase defined by the pervasive use of bronze (an alloy of copper with tin or arsenic), alongside associated changes in technology, trade, burial practice, and social organisation. Its absolute dates vary widely by region because metallurgy and associated cultural changes spread at different times. Below are commonly used regional ranges and practical guidance for tagging or labelling gazetteer entries.

Common regional date ranges

  • Near East and Anatolia
    Early Bronze Age: c. 3300–2100 BCE; Middle Bronze Age: c. 2100–1600 BCE; Late Bronze Age: c. 1600–1200 BCE.
  • Aegean (Greece and Cyclades)
    Early Bronze Age: c. 3000–2000 BCE; Middle Bronze Age: c. 2000–1600 BCE; Late Bronze Age: c. 1600–1100 BCE.
  • Central and Western Europe
    Broad Bronze Age: c. 2300–800 BCE; subdivided (Early/Middle/Late) roughly as Early c. 2300–1500 BCE, Middle c. 1500–1200 BCE, Late c. 1200–800 BCE.
  • British Isles (including Devon and Cornwall)
    Broad Bronze Age: c. 2500–800 BCE; Early Bronze Age often starts c. 2500–2000 BCE (after Late Neolithic/Beaker horizons), Late Bronze Age ends c. 800 BCE.
  • South Asia (Indian subcontinent)
    Indus-related Bronze Age/Harappan: c. 3300–1300 BCE (mature Harappan c. 2600–1900 BCE); local Bronze-using traditions continue and overlap with early Iron use.
  • East Asia
    Bronze Age in China: roughly c. 2000–771 BCE (Xia-Shang-Zhou sequences; Shang c. 1600–1046 BCE is strongly bronze-rich).
  • The Americas and parts of Sub-Saharan Africa
    No true widespread Bronze Age phase comparable to Old World sequences; metallurgy often appears much later and in different forms.

Practical guidance for mapping and gazetteer work

  • Use region-specific ranges rather than a single global boundary.
  • For ambiguous or single-site reports, prefer relative labels: Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age, or Bronze Age (broad)with a numeric range (e.g., Bronze Age c. 2500–800 BCE).
  • Where chronology is uncertain, record both: cultural label(Bronze Age) and confidence/precision(e.g., high if radiocarbon dated; low if typological only).
  • Include key local markers in metadata: metallurgy present; Beaker/urnfield/bronze-ritual features; radiocarbon dates range; typology links.
  • Allow fields for overlapping phases (e.g., “Late Neolithic / Early Bronze Age transitional”) and for caveats like reuse or later disturbance.

Why ranges differ and how to communicate that

  • Start and end dates depend on: first local alloy production; availability of tin or copper sources and trade; cultural adoption of bronze technologies; and the arrival of ironworking.
  • Use wording that communicates variability: “Bronze Age (regional: c. 2500–800 BCE)”or “Bronze Age — British Isles convention: c. 2500–800 BCE”.
  • When precision matters, attach dating evidence: radiocarbon ranges, stratigraphic context, or diagnostic artefact types.

Short recommended labels for database fields

  • Period label: Bronze Age
  • Region qualifier: e.g., British Isles
  • Numeric range: e.g., c. 2500–800 BCE
  • Subdivision: Early / Middle / Late (if known)
  • Dating confidence: High / Medium / Low
  • Dating evidence: Radiocarbon; typology; stratigraphy; historical reference


The suffix ‘ton’ constitutes a sort of test word,” says Mr. Isaac Taylor, “ by which we are able to discriminate the Anglo-Saxon settlements.”1 “A tun or ‘ton ’ was a place
surrounded by a hedge, or rudely fortified by a palisade”

The passage you quoted is part of the author’s argument that Plympton’s name is unmistakably Anglo‑Saxon, and that the key to recognising this lies in the suffix ‑ton. The PDF you have open confirms this discussion in its treatment of early Plympton history .

🏰 What ‑tonActually Signifies

The core point is that ‑ton(Old English tūn) originally meant:

  • An enclosed place— literally a fenced or hedged area

  • A defended homestead or settlement— often with a palisade

  • A farmstead that could grow into a village or manor

So when you see a place‑name ending in ‑ton, you are almost always looking at:

  • A Saxon foundation, or

  • A Saxon renamingof an older site they took over.

This is why Isaac Taylor calls it a “test word”: it reliably marks Anglo‑Saxon occupation or administrative control.


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